Cyber Laws and Cyber Crime

Presented by stops Sandeep N. Gaikwad Avinash R. S. E. (Comp) S. E. (I T) E-mail netmail valueed com E-mail avi. emailprotected com Mob 919970061442 Mob 919960308551 G H Raisoni set up of Engineering and Management, Jalgaon (M. S) Index Topics Page No. 1 Abstr exemplify 1 2 admittance 2 3 Cyber offensive 2 4 classification of Cyber shame 2 5 Status of Cyber Crime 6 6 Cyber practice of healthyity 7 7 Cyber equity in India 8 8 Advantages of Cyber Law 9 9 General Suggestions and breeding 10 0 Suggestions for better security 10 11 resultant 11 12 Reference 12 Abstract Cyber law and cyber iniquity is get an important issue for social and economical concerned. The enjoyment of reck angiotensin converting enzymer, electronic devices and packet is ontogenesisd the need to protect these devices and softwargon properly is inherently appeargond with this. To protect these, it becomes necessary to know ab divulge cyber shame and cyber law. Cyber annoyance is unlawful act in which computing device is either tool or target. After phylogeny of earnings every computer is suitable access data and culture from in completely over the world.This in like manner lead to the misuse of computer and meshing for Crime such as Financial crimes, Cyber pornography, Online gambling, intellect belongings crimes, Forgery, Cyber Defamation, Cyber stalking, electronic mail spoofing, e-mail bombing, Denial of Service attack, Salami attacks, Virus / worm attacks, Web jacking, in sortation diddling etc. Now days most of financial and non-financial activities are through with computer and computer relate services such as network. in addition the concept of e-Governance coming in picture, where the confidential document of an organization is attend and stored.The need of protection Cyber security resulted into development of cyber law in India and all a more or less the world. Cyber law is important because it touches nearly all aspects of proceeding and acti vities on and concerning the Internet, the World Wide Web and meshwork. The paper throw light on the brief types of cyber crime, status of cyber crime and cyber awareness in India, Cyber law in India , Advantages of it in brief. Also this paper suggests the precaution measures and tips for cyber security for the users of computer and internet. 1. Introduction The first recorded cyber crime took baffle in the year 1820That is non surprising considering the fact that the abacus, which is thought to be the earliest form of a computer, has been around since 3 vitamin D B. C. in India, Japan and China. The era of modern computers, however, began with the analytical locomotive of Charles Babbage. Today, computers prepare come a long way, what with neural networks and nano-computing promising to plough every atom in a glass of water into a computer capable of performing a billion trading operations per second. Cyber crime is an evil having its origin in the growing dependence on com puters in modern life.In a day and age when everything from microwave ovens and refrigerators to nuclear power plants is being run on computers, cyber crime has assumed sort of sinister implications. 2. Cyber crime At the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Pr unconstipatedtion of Crime and Treatment of Offenders, cyber crime was broken into two categories and specify thus 2. 1. Cyber crime in a narrow sense both(prenominal) il effectual behavior directed by means of electronic operations that targets the security of computer dusts and the data affect by them. 2. 2. Cyber crime in a broader senseAny il legal behavior committed by means of, or in relation to, a computer system or network, including such crimes as illegal possession offering or distri scarceing selective information by means of a computer system or network. As per Indian law, Crime has to be voluntary and willful, an act or omission that adversely affects a mortal or property. A simple definition of cyber cr ime would be unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a tool or a target or both. 3. Classification of Cyber crime Cyber Crime is classified into 4 major categories as (A) Cyber crime against Individual B) Cyber crime Against Property (C) Cyber crime Against Organization (D) Cyber crime Against ordering 3. 1. Against Individuals 3. 1. 1. Email spoofing A spoofed email is iodin that appears to originate from one opening but actually has been sent from an otherwise reference. E. g Avinash has an e-mail cut through emailprotected com His enemy, Rohan spoofs his e-mail and sends obscene messages to all his acquaintances. Since the e-mails appear to go originated from Avinash, his friends could take offensive occupation and relationships could be spoiled for life. 3. 1. 2. SpammingSpamming means sending multiple copies of unsolicited mails or mass e-mails such as chain letters. 3. 1. 3. Cyber Defamation This occurs when defamation takes place with the help of computers and / or the Internet. E. g. soul publishes defamatory matter almost someone on a networksite or sends e-mails containing defamatory information to all of that souls friends. 3. 1. 4. Harassment and Cyber stalking Cyber Stalking Means following the moves of an singles activity over internet. It under(a)structure be done with the help of galore(postnominal) protocols easy such at e- mail, chat rooms, user net groups. The Oxford dictionary defines talking as pursuing stealthily. Cyber stalking involves following a persons movements crossways the Internet by posting messages (some sequences curseening) on the bulletin boards frequented by the victim, entering the chat-rooms frequented by the victim, constantly bombarding the victim with emails etc. 3. 2. Against Property 3. 2. 1. Credit Card Fraud You simply rent to type character reference observance identification number into www page of vendor for online transaction. If electronic transactions are not secured the credit car d numbers can be stolen by the hackers who can misuse this card by impersonating the credit card possessor. . 2. 2. Intellectual Property crimes These include Software piracy i. e. illegal write of courses, distribution of copies of software ,Copyright infringement Trademarks violations ,Theft of computer source code 3. 2. 3. Internet successiontheft The practise of the Internet hours by an unauthorized person which is actually paid by another person. 3. 3. Against Organization 3. 3. 1. UnauthorizedAccessingofComputer Accessing the computer/network without permission from the makeer. This activity is normally referred to as hacking.The Indian law has, however, attached a different connotation to the term hacking, so we will not use the term unauthorized access inter repositionably with the term hacking. It can be of 2 forms one is Changing/deleting data i. e. unauthorized change in data and other is Computer voyeur where the criminal reads or copies confidential or proprieta ry information, but the data is neither deleted nor changed. 3. 3. 2. Denial Of Service When Internet master of ceremonies is flooded with continuous bogus requests so as to denying legitimate users to use the server or to crash the server.Denial of service attack involves convey full a computer resource with more requests than it can handle. This causes the resource (e. g. a web server) to crash in that locationby denying authorized users the service offered by the resource. other variation to a typical denial of service attack is know as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack wherein the perpetrators are many and are geographically widespread. It is very catchy to instruction such attacks. Denial-of-service attacks collapse had an impressive history having, in the past, brought down website like Amazon CNN, hick and eBay 3. 3. 3 VirusattackA computer virus is a computer political platform that can infect other computer architectural plans by modifying them in su ch a way as to include a possibly evolved transcript of it. Viruses can be file infecting or affecting boot empyrean of the computer. Worms, unlike viruses do not need the host to attach themselves to. 3. 3. 4. Email Bombing Email bombing refers to sending a large number of emails to the victim resulting in the victims email account (in national of an individual) or mail servers (in slickness of a company or an email service provider) crashing. 3. 3. 5. Salami Attack When negligible amounts are removed & accumulated in to something larger.These attacks are used for the commission of financial crimes. The key here is to make the alteration so insignificant that in a wholeness case it would go completely unnoticed. 3. 3. 6. Logic Bomb Its an event dependent program , as soon as the designated event occurs, it crashes the computer, release a virus or any other destructive possibilities This implies that these programs are created to do something hardly when a certain event (know n as a trigger event) occurs. E. g. even some viruses may be termed logic bombs because they lie dormant all through the year and become active only on a particular date. . 3. 7. trojan Horse A Trojan is an unauthorized program which functions from inside what seems to be an authorized program, thereby concealing what it is actually doing. in that location are many simple ways of installing a Trojan in someones computer. The Common Types of Trojan horse are Remote Administration Trojans (RATs) Password Trojans Privileges-Elevating Trojans Destructive Trojans Joke Programs 3. 3. 8. Data diddling This configuration of an attack involves altering raw data just before it is processed by a computer and then changing it back afterwards the processing is completed.Electricity Boards in India have been victims to data diddling programs inserted when private parties were computerizing their systems. 3. 4. Against fan tanary law 3. 4. 1. Forgery Counterfeit currency notes, postage and revenue stamps, mark sheets etc can be forged using sophisticated computers, printers and scanners. Outside many colleges across India, one finds touts soliciting the sale of fake mark sheets or even certificates. These are make using computers, and high quality scanners and printers. 3. 4. 2. Cyber TerrorismIt is use of computer resources to intimidate or coerce others. Computer crime has hit cosmos with unbelievable severity. Computer viruses, worms, Trojans, denial of service attacks, spoofing attacks and e-frauds have taken the genuine and virtual worlds by storm. The term cyber terrorism can be defined as Cyber terrorism is the premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, in cyber space, with the intention to further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives, or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives. 3. 4. 3 Web Jacking Hackers gain access and halt over the website of another, even they change the content o f website for fulfilling political objective or for money. This occurs when someone forcefully takes control of a website (by cracking the password and later changing it). The actual owner of the website does not have any more control over what appears on that website. 4. Status of Cyber Crime Back in 1990, less than 100,000 passel were able to log on to the Internet worldwide. Now around 500 one million million million people are using the net around the globe.UK has the largest number of give computers in the world followed by the US and China. The US is the leading source demesne for attacks. China is second and Germany is third. 4. 1. In India i) During 2003, a total of 411 cases were registered under IPC Sections as compared to 738 such cases during 2002 thereby reporting a significant objurgate of 44 part in 2003 over 2002. ii) A total of 475 persons were arrested in the country for Cyber Crimes under IPC during 2003. iii) The age-wise profile of the arrested persons sho wed that 45 percent were in the age-group of 30-45 years, 28. percent of the offenders were in the age-group of 45-60 years and 11 offenders were aged 60 years and above. above figures doesnt mean that cyber crime is declining in India, the fact is that people in our country do not report cyber crimes for the following reasons a) They dont want to face torture by natural law. b) The tending of bad publicity which could hurt their reputation in society. Also, c) It becomes extremely difficult to convince the police to register any cyber crime, because of inadequacy of awareness about cyber crime and cyber law and also about their allowance and handling by the police.A recent survey indicates that for every 500 cyber crime incidents that took place, only 50 are reported to the police and out of that only one is actually registered. These figures indicate how difficult it is to convince the police to register a cyber crime. The establishment of cyber crime cells in different spl it of the country was expected to boost cyber crime reporting and prosecution. However, these cells havent quite unploughed up with expectations. 5. Cyber law The cyber world has no physical boundaries, no single authority who governs the internet.The Internet is the fair for freely sharing information and opinions It provides everyone with round the clock access to information, credit and financial services, and shopping. Even network information systems are being adopted by the government worldwide, thats why the governments across the world are recognizing the need to securing & regulating the cyber world. 5. 1. Why Cyber law? When Internet was developed, the founding fathers of Internet hardly had any inclination that Internet could change itself into an all pervading revolution which could be misused for criminal activities and which required regulation.Today, there are many disturbing things happening in cyberspace. Due to the unnamed nature of the Internet, it is possible to engage into a variety of criminal activities with impunity and people with intelligence, have been grossly misusing this aspect of the Internet to perpetuate criminal activities in cyberspace. Hence there is need for Cyber laws in India. Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities on and concerning the Internet, the World Wide Web and Cyberspace. Whether we take a leak it or not, every action and every reaction in Cyberspace has some legal and Cyber legal perspectives. . 2 Who should concern about Cyberlaw? Everyone, Cyber law is of everyones concern. As the nature of Internet is changing and this new medium is being seen as the ultimate medium ever evolved in kind-hearted history, every activity of yours in Cyberspace can and will have a Cyber legal perspective. From the time one register line of business Name, to the time one set up a web site, to the time one promote a website, to the time when one send and receive email, to the time one conduct electronic commerce transactions on the give tongue to site, at every point of time, there are various Cyber law issues involved.One may not be bothered about these issues straightaway because one may look that they are very distant from him/her and that they do not have an impact on Cyber activities. But sooner or later, you will have to tighten your belts and take note of Cyber law for your own benefit. 6. Cyber Law In India Cyber Crimes are a new class of crimes to India. It is apace expanding due to extensive use of internet. India is among few countries in the world that have a separate law for cyber crimes. Recently Nepal has passed Bill against Cyber crime.Indian parliament has passed the legislation known as Information Technology strike 2000 drafted by the Ministry of Communication and Information. The Information Technology Act came into force on seventeenth October, 2000. IT Act amends some of the existing legislation, such as Indian Penal Code,1 860 Indian Evidence Act, 1872 cashboxers Book Evidence Act. 1891, Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 6. 1. Features of The IT Act 2000 i)Legal recognition of electronic contracts, digital signature, digital certificates. ii) Various types of cyber crime committed in India and outside India is covered alongwithpenalties. ii) employment of Certifying Authorities(CA) to issue digital signature, digital certificates. iv)Controller of Certifying Authorities to act as depository for all Certifying Authorities. v) Appointment of Adjudicating Officer for holding enquiries under this Act. vi) EstablishmentofCyberAppellateTribunal. vii) Cyber Regulations Advisory Committee who will advice the aboriginal Government and CA. Technology. The act is based on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL) model on electronic commerce. 6. 2. IT Act 2000 does not include ) Specific Definition of cyber crime is not given.. ii) Intellectual Property Rights such as trade Marks, Paten ts, digital Copyright Issues. iii) Domain name disputes and their resolution, Data protection issues are not covered. iv)No provision is made for the Taxation issues arising due to e-commerce 7. Advantages of Cyber Laws The IT Act 2000 attempts to change outdated laws and provides ways to come with cyber crimes. We need such laws so that people can perform leveraging transactions over the Net through credit cards without fear of misuse.The Act offers the much-needed legal framework so that information is not denied legal effect, validity or enforceability, solely on the ground that it is in the form of electronic records. The IT Act 2000 and its eatable contain many positive aspects. Firstly, the implications of these provisions for the e-businesses would be that email would now be a valid and legal form of communication in our country that can be punctually produced and approved in a court of law. Digital signatures have been given legal validity and sanction in the Act.The Act throws open the doors for the incoming of corporate companies in the business of being Certifying Authorities for issuing Digital Signatures Certificates. The Act now allows Government to issue notification on the web thus heralding e-governance. It shall now be possible for corporates to have a statutory remedy in case if anyone breaks into their computer systems or network and causes damages or copies data. The remedy provided by the Act is in the form of monetary damages, not exceeding Rs. 1 crore. 8. General Suggestions against cyber crime Dont delete harmful communication theory (emails, chat logs, posts etc).These may help provide vital information about the identity of the person behind these. Try not to panic. If you feel any immediate physical danger of bodily harm, call your local anesthetic police. Avoid getting into huge arguments online during chat or discussions with other users. Be extremely careful about how you share personal information about yourself onl ine. pack sure that your ISP and Internet Relay Chart (IRC) network have an acceptable use policy that prohibits cyber-stalking. And if your network fails to respond to your complaints, consider shifting to a provider that is more responsive to user complaints. If a accompaniment online becomes hostile, log off or surf elsewhere. If a situation places you in fear, contact a local law enforcement agency. Save all communications for evidence. Do not edit or alter them in any way. Also, keep a record of your contacts with Internet System Administrators or Law Enforcement Officials. 9. Suggestions for better security Use strong passwords. Choose passwords that are difficult or impossible to guess. Give different passwords to all other accounts. Make regular back-up of deprecative data. Back-up must be made atleast once in each day. Use virus protection software.Checking daily for new virus signature updates, and then actually scanning all the files on your computer periodically . Use a firewall as a gatekeeper between your computer and the Internet. Do not keep computers online when not in use. Either come together them off or physically disconnect them from Internet connection. Do not open e-mail attachments from strangers, regardless of how enticing the subject line or attachment may be. Regularly download security patches from your software vendors. 10. Conclusion Thus, the awareness of cyber crime and cyber law has become a necessity for persons in cyberspace.The study of cyber crime and its different aspects will be helping to individual in cyberspace to avoid and restrict the cyber crime around them and related to them. Also the study of cyber crime will keep them alert against cyber crime. absence seizure of Cyber security policy in organization may lead to critical problem for Management to maintain the data security of organization. Recent incidents relating to cyber crime have not just increased the vulnerability of various socio-economic con stituents, but also brought forth the need for better managerial and operating capabilities of our legal framework in stopping this growing menace.Cyber law in India is nil but the outcome of this need. Cyber law will be helpful to control the cases of cyber crime. IT act 2000 has given constitutional support to fight against cyber criminals. This act has also given legal status to e-business, digital signature cause to increase faith in online trading. The number of cases reported is much less than what it is in reality. This is because of unawareness of law. Awareness program on Cyber law and Cyber Crime should undertaken by Social Organisation.The program may include basic information of cyber law, internet security, and minimum hardware and software security measures required for an individual or organisation. Reference (1) Cyber and Information Technology Article By Talwant Singh (Judge) (2) Perspective of Cyber crime in India Kernila Seth (3) Cyber law ,Data Protection in In dia Article by Gurpreet Singh (4) www. cuil. com (5) www. cyberlawsindia. net (6) www. cybersmart. in (7) www. indlii. org (8) www. asianlaws. org (9) www. report cyber crime. com (10) www. scribd. com